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Aortic Stenosis

What Is Aortic Stenosis?

Aortic stenosis is a heart valve disease that can be either congenital or acquired. In this condition, the leaflets of the aortic valve—located at the exit of the left ventricle into the aorta—become fused or stiffened. As a result, valve mobility during opening and closing is significantly restricted, impeding normal blood flow through the valve.

This leads to blood stagnation in the left ventricle and insufficient blood supply to vital organs throughout the body.

Learn more about heart valve diseases

Causes of Aortic Stenosis

Acquired aortic stenosis may be caused by conditions such as Paget’s disease, calcification of the aortic valve, infective endocarditis, aortic atherosclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatic heart disease, and other systemic disorders.

Learn more about Atherosclerosis

Congenital aortic stenosis is associated with a congenital narrowing of the aortic orifice or with abnormal valve development, most commonly a bicuspid aortic valve.

Congenital forms of the disease usually manifest before the age of 30, whereas acquired aortic stenosis typically develops later in life, most often after the age of 60.

Aortic Stenosis Symptoms

The most common symptoms of aortic stenosis include dizziness, episodes of blurred or darkened vision, generalized weakness, and increased fatigue. These symptoms are caused by insufficient blood flow to the brain.

Other symptoms may include pressure-like chest pain and shortness of breath, which result from reduced blood supply to the heart muscle (myocardium).

Diagnosis of Aortic Stenosis

If the symptoms described above occur, consultation with a cardiologist is essential. One of the most specific and widely used diagnostic methods for aortic stenosis is echocardiography.

This ultrasound-based imaging technique not only confirms the presence of the disease but also allows assessment of its severity, evaluation of blood congestion in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension), and determination of surgical operability.

Aortic Stenosis Treatment

Treatment of aortic stenosis can be divided into two main approaches:

1. Conservative Treatment

A set of measures aimed at lifestyle modification and medication therapy designed to reduce clinical symptoms and slow disease progression.

2. Surgical Treatment

Surgical intervention aimed at restoring normal blood flow through the narrowed aortic valve, thereby ensuring adequate blood supply to all organs. The procedure involves replacing the diseased, poorly functioning valve with either a mechanical or biological prosthetic valve.

In elderly patients, valve replacement may be performed without open surgery using a transcatheter approach (TAVI), in which the valve is implanted via a catheter inserted through the femoral artery.

Our specialists are ready to answer your questions and help you choose the best treatment approach. Book an appointment at a convenient time.

Prognosis for Aortic Stenosis

Without treatment, the natural course of aortic stenosis can rapidly lead to disability. In advanced cases, the disease may be complicated by myocardial infarction or stroke, potentially resulting in death.

Once symptoms of severe heart failure develop, average life expectancy does not exceed one year. Without surgical intervention, mortality within two years reaches up to 80%. Therefore, if you experience the symptoms described above, we strongly recommend contacting our specialists for a detailed consultation.

Patient reviews

Patients tell about their treatment at our center — reviews that mention “Aortic Stenosis”: 4 reviews. The latest are below.

My mom and I came to the clinic in a rather serious condition. Mom is 80 years old, diagnosis: "degenerative heart disease, grade 3 aortic stenosis with aortic insufficiency". In addition, a concomitant disease — "multiple myeloma". Acquaintances recommended that we see specifically Alexey Sergeyevich Vasilyev as a TAVI specialist. At the first appointment Alexey Sergeyevich explained our situation and the plan of action before the operation in detail. He was very attentive and immediately won us over. Mom said: "I am ready to trust this doctor". Then, following his recommendations, all the necessary examinations, tests and the operation were carried out. I recommend Alexey Sergeyevich to everyone, he is a true professional and a true doctor! The team of doctors of the cardiac surgery department of the N. I. Pirogov clinic. They carried out all the necessary preoperative examinations and scheduled the operation taking the tests into account (this was very important for us, since there is a concomitant oncological disease). The transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVI) was successfully performed by cardiovascular surgeon Alexey Sergeyevich Vasilyev! Implantation of a permanent endocardial pacemaker was also performed by surgeon Andrey Alexandrovich Sorokin. Many thanks to Alexey Sergeyevich and Andrey Alexandrovich for their work, for prolonging the lives of people, our loved ones! It is so important when a doctor not only takes responsibility, but also says words of support and gives hope! Throughout the preparation and after the operation we were accompanied by the attending physician Larisa Yuryevna Kalashnikova. I would like to note her attentive attitude towards a patient of such advanced age. She explained very patiently and clearly everything the doctors were doing, and this really calmed mom, and she went to the operation completely without fear. This is very important! And in general, many thanks to all the staff of the department. Everyone is very friendly and attentive! A professional, humane and attentive approach!

Anonymous

Review of the doctorAlexey VasilevEndovascular Surgeon

I was diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis, and at an appointment in Cherepovets the doctors recommended TAVI. About six months later I was invited to St. Petersburg, and once again found myself in the caring hands of medical “magicians”. My deepest gratitude to surgeon Aleksey Sergeyevich Vasiliev for an excellently performed operation and for his support during the postoperative period. An excellent, caring, and very attentive doctor—a true professional! He helped extend my life! From the bottom of my heart, I wish good health to Aleksey Sergeyevich and his family, as well as to all the staff of the cardiac surgery department! I liked the way the staff treated patients—not a single rude word, very attentive attitude!

Anonymous

City of Cherepovets ·

Review of the doctorAlexey VasilevEndovascular Surgeon

At the age of 65 (since the beginning of 2024), my mother's disease worsened, which she had been turning a blind eye to for a long time - aortic stenosis, which caused swelling of the legs and ascites, and there was fluid in the lungs - pleural effusion. We were in five hospitals in St. Petersburg, and everyone was throwing up their hands. It was only in May that we were lucky enough to meet a cardiologist who diagnosed severe aortic stenosis with insufficiency, severe tricuspid insufficiency, aortic dilation, stage III hypertension. With therapy, he stabilized my mother's condition, and managed to get rid of 10 liters of edema. The cardiologist said very gently but persistently that mom couldn't do without a valve repair. In August, we learned about Dr. D. V. Shmatov from reviews and signed up for a consultation with him at the Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies. Before meeting with the doctor, we read the reviews of grateful patients and watched the interview with the doctor. Initially, my mother's attitude was 'I'll live as long as I live, I won't agree to any interference.' Despite the fact that this remarkable man is a luminary of science and is widely known in Russia and abroad, he communicates very warmly with patients and relatives, shows concern and kindness to everyone. In a word, the doctor won me over right away. The doctor ordered additional studies, which showed that in addition to the acquired defect, there is also a congenital defect, and only open-heart surgery can solve three problems at once, and it was impossible to delay the operation, since the prognosis was to live for several months. And it was not possible to wait for a quota, so we went for a paid operation without hesitation. The doctor immediately warned about the possible consequences and risks. We would like to thank Dmitry Viktorovich for believing in success and seeing my mother's desire to live. An operation was scheduled in October. Mom was hospitalized on Friday. The doctor came to her on Sunday, asked if she wanted surgery and which valve she wanted - mechanical or biological. We talked, the doctor was convinced of my mother's determination and attitude, and on Monday, 10/21/2024, at 8 a.m., my mother was already in the operating room. The operation lasted 7 hours. My mother's aortic valve was replaced with a biological prosthesis, the tricuspid valve was plasticized, the ascending aorta was sutured, the birth defect was eliminated, and the arrhythmia foci were cryoablated. Thanks to D. V. Shmatov, Doctor of Medical Sciences, for having him. The clinic employs the best staff under the leadership of Dmitry Viktorovich. When you walk down the stairs and corridors of the clinic, you see photos of doctors at work, and it is very soothing. Everyone in the department is affectionate, friendly and welcoming to relatives. Entrusting yourself or your loved one to such a team of professionals is not scary at all. After the operation, my mother was in intensive care for 2 days. Intensive care specialist Egor Olegovich quickly brought his mother to her senses after the operation and removed all the unpleasant postoperative symptoms. He calmed my mother down, talked about the children, and also calmed us down. On Wednesday, my mother was already transferred to the ward, and she was able to walk on her own. Special thanks to the nurses for their human attitude, care, for how quickly they come to the rescue and how affectionately they treat patients. I would like to encourage those who are faced with such difficult tasks and recommend contacting a high-tech clinic.

Anonymous

Review of the doctorDmitriy ShmatovCardiac Surgeon

During an examination in Tver by a cardiologist, he was diagnosed with an acquired heart defect, severe aortic stenosis. The doctor sent me to either Moscow or St. Petersburg to the Pirogov Clinic. We got to see Ruslan Yusufovich with my mother. After the examination, he put the mother on a quota for 2 operations (bypass surgery and valve replacement). The operation was successful. We went for bandages and suture removal for 2 months. He was very sensitive, he bandaged it himself. Thank him very much for everything. A doctor from God, I wish there were more such attentive and responsive doctors.

Anonymous

Tver City ·

Review of the doctorRuslan KappushevEndovascular Surgeon
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