Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Disease Description
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart disorder characterized by enlargement of the cardiac chambers, thinning of the myocardium, and a marked impairment of the heart’s pumping function.
Causes of the Disease
Cardiac damage, including dilated cardiomyopathy, is most commonly caused by genetic abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, viral infections, and toxic exposures.
Reduced ventricular contractility leads to the development of signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure.
Symptoms
Typical symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy are manifestations of congestive heart failure, including shortness of breath, weakness, pronounced fatigue, and swelling of the lower extremities. Episodes of cardiac asthma and acute pulmonary edema are common. In advanced stages, fluid accumulation in internal organs and body cavities may occur.
One of the early manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy may be atrial fibrillation, which contributes to the formation of intracardiac blood clots. The risk of thromboembolic complications is highest in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and severe heart failure.
Other frequent complications of dilated cardiomyopathy include cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances, as well as sudden cardiac death.
Diagnosis
Echocardiography (cardiac ultrasound) plays a decisive role in the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. This examination allows assessment of cardiac pumping function, measurement of chamber dimensions and wall thickness, and detection of valvular dysfunction.
Treatment
Continuous medical therapy is essential. To prevent thromboembolic complications, patients with cardiac rhythm disorders are prescribed anticoagulant medications. Without treatment, the disease progresses rapidly.
Dilated cardiomyopathy accompanied by severe clinical manifestations and resistance to medical therapy is an indication for heart transplantation. Various mechanical circulatory support systems — special pumps that assist blood flow from the heart — are also widely used and in most cases serve as a bridge to transplantation.
Treatment Prognosis
The prognosis for this condition is extremely serious. The natural course of the disease leads to rapid disability and high mortality. Timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment can reduce the risk of disease progression and complications, while modern surgical treatment options can significantly prolong life.
For the diagnosis of cardiac conditions (including dilated cardiomyopathy), please contact our Cardiac Surgery Center. Experienced cardiologists and cardiac surgeons will provide comprehensive consultations, schedule appointments, and deliver a full course of treatment.