Description of the Disease
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart condition characterized by the enlargement of its chambers, thinning of the myocardium, and significant impairment of pumping function.
Cause of the Disease
The basis of heart damage, including dilated cardiomyopathy, is various genetic disorders, autoimmune diseases, viral and toxic effects.
The intensity of ventricular contractions decreases, leading to the appearance of signs of congestive heart failure.
Symptoms of the Disease
The characteristic symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy include manifestations of congestive heart failure, complaints of shortness of breath, weakness, high fatigue, and edema of the lower extremities. Episodes of cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema often occur. At later stages, fluid accumulation in internal organs and body cavities is noted.
One of the early manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy may be atrial fibrillation, which causes the formation of thrombi inside the heart. The risk of thromboembolic complications (thrombus detachment) is highest in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and severe heart failure. Other common complications of dilated cardiomyopathy include rhythm and conduction disturbances, sudden cardiac death.
Diagnostics of the Disease
Ultrasound examination of the heart (echocardiography) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy, allowing assessment of cardiac pumping function, determination of chamber sizes, wall thickness, and detection of valve dysfunction.
Treatment of the Disease
It is very important to adhere to constant drug therapy. For the prevention of thromboembolic complications, patients with existing rhythm disorders are prescribed anticoagulants. Without treatment, the disease progresses rapidly.
The diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy, accompanied by severe clinical manifestations and ineffectiveness of drug therapy, is an indication for heart transplantation. Various mechanical support systems are also often used - special pumps that assist in pushing blood out of the heart, in most cases serving as a bridge to heart transplantation.
Prognosis of the Treatment
The prognosis for this disease is extremely serious. The natural course of the disease leads to rapid disability and high mortality. Timely diagnosis and proper treatment can reduce the risks of progression and complications of the disease, and modern possibilities of surgical treatment can significantly prolong life.
For the diagnosis of heart conditions (including dilated cardiomyopathy), please contact our Cardiovascular Surgery Center. Experienced cardiologists and cardiac surgeons will consult you on all issues, schedule an appointment, and provide a full course of treatment.